Hi,
We received your sample and I have taken a quick look.
On my local machine, I do have IIS7.5, so maybe my test is not quite comparable to yours, but still, it does run locally on my machine. I am not fully familiar with what are the requirements for the server running your IIS, but I would assume it needed to have some runtime of the ReportViewer controls installed on the server.
I notice in your project that you have Copy Local = True for ALL the assemblies you reference, including the System and Microsoft assemblies. Usually you make sure your server has the required .NET versions (and assemblies) and then you set Copy Local = False on all the system assemblies, which will cause the IIS to use them from it's own GAC. Here is a link to the ReportViewer 10 Redistributables, in case you need them.
According to this thread here, this user has a very similar problem as yours. Try following the directions in that thread to add the managed handler for Reserved.ReportViewerWebControl.axd and see if that helps in your case.
Hope this helps,
Palli